Condé Nast parted ways with the incoming editor of Teen Vogue, Alexi McCammond, after an uproar among some staffers and readers over racist and homophobic social-media messages she posted a decade ago.

The decision comes less than two weeks after the company announced that the 27-year-old Ms. McCammond, formerly a star political reporter for Axios, was coming in to lead the publication, which has made a name for itself in recent years through its coverage of politics, race and gender.

When the controversy first surfaced earlier this month, Condé Nast said it was aware during the hiring process of her social-media history.

“Alexi McCammond’s appointment with Teen Vogue brought many difficult and important conversations to the forefront over the last few weeks,” said Stan Duncan, Condé Nast’s chief people officer, in a memo to staff Thursday. “After speaking with Alexi this morning, we agreed that it was best to part ways, so as to not overshadow the important work happening at Teen Vogue.”

Soon after she was appointed to the job March 5, Ms. McCammond’s social-media history—specifically offensive tweets about Asian-Americans from 2011 when she was a teenager—began recirculating online and offended some of Teen Vogue’s staff.